Free Essays on Truman And The Atomic Bomb

President Truman’s choice to assault Japan with nuclear bombs changed the world until the end of time. There were numerous interior and outer powers that drove him to utilize such outrageous power. This paper will inspect the components that prompted President Truman’s choice to assault Nagasaki and Hiroshima, just as take a gander at the positive and negative elements of the choices to answer whether these activities were essential. There were a wide range of parts of the war in Japan that drove President Truman to utilize the nuclear bombs. After Roosevelt’s demise on April 14, 1945, one of Truman’s primary concerns was to proceed in Roosevelt’s strides and follow his model. He needed Roosevelt’s inheritance to proceed and end the war as quickly as time permits with the littlest measures of American losses. Truman â€Å"inherited from Roosevelt the procedure of downplaying American misfortunes, and he was focused on doing it for the rest of the war† (p.9). Not exclusively did Roosevelt’s arrangements impact him, yet his very own war experience influenced him too. Truman had served in World War I as a mounted guns commander, and saw the entirety of the abhorrent parts of war, including seeing his companions being butchered by the adversary. This helped Truman feel for the troopers and attempt to get them out of Japan as fast as could reasonably be expected. Another explanation Truman utilized the nuclear bomb was the solid will of the Japanese to proceed with the war. Indeed, even once they understood destruction was unavoidable, the Japanese intended to proceed until the end. On June 8, 1945 the Japanese Emperor Hirohito â€Å"agreed to the military’s require a hard and fast protection from an American invasion† (p.31). The Japanese were set up to confront critical misfortunes until they could give up to less brutal outcomes. The fundamental worry of the Japanese was to keep their ruler in power. The Japanese head was the most exceptionally respected figure in Japan, and none of the Japanese were prepa... Free Essays on Truman And The Atomic Bomb Free Essays on Truman And The Atomic Bomb President Truman’s choice to assault Japan with nuclear bombs changed the world until the end of time. There were numerous inward and outside powers that drove him to utilize such extraordinary power. This paper will inspect the variables that prompted President Truman’s choice to assault Nagasaki and Hiroshima, just as take a gander at the positive and negative elements of the choices to answer whether these activities were fundamental. There were a wide range of parts of the war in Japan that drove President Truman to utilize the nuclear bombs. After Roosevelt’s passing on April 14, 1945, one of Truman’s principle concerns was to proceed in Roosevelt’s strides and follow his model. He needed Roosevelt’s heritage to proceed and end the war as quickly as time permits with the littlest measures of American setbacks. Truman â€Å"inherited from Roosevelt the procedure of downplaying American misfortunes, and he was focused on doing it for the rest of the war† (p.9). Not exclusively did Roosevelt’s approaches impact him, however his very own war experience influenced him too. Truman had served in World War I as an ordnance skipper, and saw the entirety of the abhorrent parts of war, including seeing his friends being butchered by the adversary. This helped Truman sympathize with the troopers and attempt to get them out of Japan as fast as could be expected under the circumstance s. Another explanation Truman utilized the nuclear bomb was the solid will of the Japanese to proceed with the war. Indeed, even once they understood annihilation was inescapable, the Japanese wanted to proceed until the end. On June 8, 1945 the Japanese Emperor Hirohito â€Å"agreed to the military’s require a full scale protection from an American invasion† (p.31). The Japanese were set up to confront noteworthy misfortunes until they could give up to less cruel results. The fundamental worry of the Japanese was to keep their ruler in power. The Japanese sovereign was the most profoundly respected figure in Japan, and none of the Japanese were prepa...

Heineken Company in the US market

Heineken portfolio in US showcase The significant brewers inside the US advertise incorporate; Anheuser-Busch, Inc., SAB-Miller, and Molson Coors Company. The significant provider among the three is Anheuser-Busch followed by SAB-mill operator (Finnegan, 1997). The lagers sold inside the US advertise are of wanted taste to customers. The savoring pattern the US is to a great extent subject to area and social status.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Heineken Company in the US showcase explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the most sold brew brand in the US are Bud Light, Budweiser, Coors Light, Miller Lite, Natural light, Busch Light, Miller Genuine Draft, Miller High Life, and Michelob Light. USA has one of the biggest brew import showcase with a complete estimation of about $2.7 billion. The general popularity for brew in the USA is a direct result of the developing interest for bigger that has low measure of calorie. Heineken was pulled in t o the US advertise in light of the fact that the organization foreseen that high edge could be acquired from its uncommon brands (Barsby, 1999; Reid, 1997). Heineken is one of the world’s driving fermenting organizations inside the US advertise. This became conceivable due to the systems administration that the Company presented among distilleries and its merchants. The organization acquainted Heineken Premium light with the fulfillment of most shoppers who preffered light beverages. This prompted one of the best energy around the Heineken brand in the USA advertise since it served so well the differentiated populace. Later Amstel Light was updated and got one of the most fascinating beverages to buyers. These procedures of offering quality items ensured the Company a major accomplishment inside the US advertise. The US advertise buyers turned out to be such a great amount of pulled in to imported brew since they believed the European brands to be of greater quality. The shop pers inside the US advertise were happy to pay the expenses of getting Heineken as a result of its great picture. Measurements in 1992 demonstrated that the world brew utilization had expanded and US was one of the main locales regarding lager utilization followed intently by Asia. This to be sure offered an exceptionally rewarding business sector for Heineken consequently its enthusiasm for the US advertise (Elzinga, 2005). Why Heineken presented each brand in the US showcase Heineken Company in the US is situated in New York and creates probably the best brew brands which incorporate; Heineken Lager, Heineken Light, Newcastle Brown Ale, Tecate, Amstel Light, Dos Equis, and Tecate Light. The Company has gotten one of the pioneers in bringing in great lager items in the US advertise The organization presented the vast majority of its items in the US since customers were in such a great amount of mindful to exceptional brew brands.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many shoppers favored drinking brew they considered of greater quality and this gave Heineken the benefit of providing the US advertise with the ideal lager brands from the European market. This made the beverage to be one of the main brew imported in the United States advertise, making Heineken portfolio in the USA to ascend by 1994 (Heineken USA, 2010). Heineken USA is prepared for a proceeded with development since the interest for Light and import lagers is high inside the market. Because of its huge amazing portfolio and wide customer base, the Company changed the business strategies by expanding the costs for reasons for keeping up an incentive inside each market section. In its portfolio Heineken USA advanced the Mexican brands by putting forth attempts to raise their profile. The organization went into concurrence with FEMSA to deal its items inside US market and this gave Hein eken USA a decent base for building up its image (Katz, 1991). Table1: Heineken Brand Portfolio in USA Brands Volume created (Metrics) Investment investigation Pricing Brand value Strength of Brand Heineken Larger Heineken PremiumLight Newcastle Brown Ale Tecate Amstel Light Dos Equis Tecate Light Statistic of lager consumers in US According to measurements from Gallop survey, lion's share of Americans favor drinking brew as their decision refreshment. As indicated by late reviews, the level of Americans who drink lager remain at 64%, the recurrence by which Americans drink brew has risen enormously over the previous decade. The measurements indicated that there is a normal of 4.5 beverages every week on the individuals who use lager; this might be ascribed to the way that drinking brew may help wellbeing of a person. Mid 2010 measurements indicated that practically 41% of Americans pronounced lager as their beverage of decision with 33% leaning toward wine and 23% alcohol (Tremblay and Carol, 2005; Harney, 1995). Drinking by inclination in US Alcohol type % Drinkers Beer 41 Wine 33 Liquor 23 regarding societal position, drinking propensity has been uncovered to be low among the low-salary workers. The study uncovered that 82% of the upper-salary workers drink brew contrasted with 44% of those gaining low pay. Drinking by Income status Social Status % Upper Income 82 Lower Income 44 Even the individuals who purport their responsibility to their confidence despite everything drink lager. The insights uncovered that out of the individuals who as often as possible go to houses of worship 48% beverage brew, out of the individuals who only sometimes go to places of worship 69% beverage while the individuals who are never dedicated to any confidence 72% beverage lager (Warner, 2006). Men represents higher level of lager buyers contrasted with ladies, with light brew being the most elevated expended brand among ladies (Sadler, 2005).Advertising We will compose a cust om exposition test on Heineken Company in the US advertise explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christian Level of utilization Consumption level dependent on trust % visit church participants 48 Seldom participants 69 None participants 72 Statistic have uncovered that the vast majority of the US consumers have the propensity of moving inclinations from lager to wine as they approach mature age. Blended beverages are anyway enjoyed by youngsters and ladies. Table1: Percentage of Global Alcohol Consumption (Source: GfK â€Å"Alcohol consumption† review 2008, GfK Custom Research/). WSJE Figures in % Beer Wine Liqueurs and sustained wines Spirits Cocktails/alcopops USA 37 28 3 10 22 Europe 36 40 5 9 7 All nations 36 33 4 16 9 The objective market of Heineken lager in US and its methodologies in this market Heineken’s target advertise are the youthful consumers, this gives grounds to development inside U.S. advertise (Weinberg, 1999). Heineken plans on the best way to interest youthful consumers through different diversion sources. The organization plans on the best way to rebrand Heineken so as not to be seen as lager just implied for unique events, yet can likewise be devoured off-premise. Accordingly the requirement for Heineken brand to show up increasingly common and speaking to the youngsters (Elzinga, 2005). Heineken has left on worldwide music activity known as thirst, which unites popular emcees and arranges for move shows in significant urban communities and towns. Additionally as a major aspect of its technique supports unrecorded music acts in green room meetings and debut Heineken Jazz Festivals. The green evenings sorted out and the Deejay visits goes about as advancement procedures for the brand among the more youthful crowd. The brand has additionally been advanced through universe of motion pictures like James Bond blockbuster. Heineken is additionally a significant support to sports like tennis, golf and rugby (Elzi nga, 2005). Why Heineken in US advertise picks this fragment to target them Heineken explicitly centers around urban dwelling young people since they believe them to be overhauled brew consumers. They devour bunches of lager with no dread of misfortune for example they are viewed as daring individuals. Heineken picks diversion as an approach to arrive at the youthful in light of the fact that youngsters like amusement shows. Accomplishes this technique work? With proof This technique appears to work since a large portion of the consumers as per late measurements are youngsters between age 21 and 35. As indicated by the refreshment business the measurements shows that a youngster in its mid-twenties devours a normal of 65 gallons of brew for each year, while elderly people men of more than 50 years averagely 15 gallons for every year (Warner, 2006).Advertising Searching for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reference List Barsby, S. L. 1999, Beer Wholesalers: Their Role and Economic Performance. National Beer Wholesalers Association; Alexandria, Virginia. Elzinga, K., 2005, Beer: The Structure of American Industry, altered by Walter Adams and James Brock. Upper Saddle Rive r, New Jersey: Pearson Hall. Finnegan, T., 1997, Modern Brewery Age Blue Book. Present day Brewery Age Publishing: Stamford, Connecticut. Harney, A. K., 1995, Malt Beverages. Washington, D.C.: Office of Industries, United States International Trade Commission, USITC Publication. Heineken USA, 2010, The Company history items brands, Available atâ https://heinekenusa.com/agegate/. Katz, P., 1991, Brewing Industry in the United States; Brewers Almanac. The Beer Institute, Washington, D.C. Reid, V.K., 1997. Year in Review: 1996. Present day Brewery Age , 48 (11). Sadler, J., 2005, Gender Marketing Strategies in Food and Drinks, Business Insights Ltd. Washington. Tremblay, V. Song H., 2005. The U.S. Brew Industry: Data an d Economic Analysis. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Warner, J.,2006, Gallup Organization, utilization Habits Poll, News discharge: Gallup Poll News Service Available atâ https://www.gfk.com/. Weinberg, R., 1999, Watching the Market. Present day Brewery Age , 48 (11), pp 4-30. This article on Heineken Company in the US advertise was composed and put together by client Conor Richmond to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize

Essay Sample - Helping Students Meet Requirements

Essay Sample - Helping Students Meet RequirementsThe primary purpose of getting essay samples is to evaluate whether or not a student has a learning style and the level of mastery they have in writing essays. Getting these samples is very simple since they are easy to get from most schools' websites and the staff at these sites also do not charge extra for this service.Students that are required to write an essay should make sure that they go online to the Parcc.com site first because it is the most reliable resource that has the most students who are approved by the administrators as good writers. However, students who wish to be certified in writing should refer to the actual school's website because that is the only place where the instructions and guidelines to enroll in their curriculum would be placed. It is always advisable to check out the grading scale and policy in order to know if the school accepts students that scored high or low on the writing test.Some schools would al so post the essay samples on their school bulletin boards so that parents can take a look at them before they enroll their child in the school. In fact, the school administrators should also be informed beforehand that the student has a requirement to complete in order to attain certification. If the school administration is not aware of this, they could take a student for a test so that they could get to know the level of ability of the student. Students would then be able to prove their worthiness if they score high on the writing test.Students should also make sure that they visit the actual school website in order to see whether or not they have a list of essays that they need to approve in a semester. The online resource of the school would also contain the grades of the student that were awarded on the essay written by the student. This way, students would be able to know whether they really need to have the highest number of essays for them to be successful in their studies.I f there is no list of the essays, students should also check with the school's administrative assistant or the principal of the school. These people could provide students with a list of essays that are needed to be submitted in a semester.Other students might ask the administrator if they have a policy on submitting essays or if they expect students to fill in the essays themselves. In such cases, students should talk to the Principal in order to ensure that they do not fall into trouble.There are many students who might be asked to produce essays or to receive essays in order to become certified for their studies. Students need to know that they will have to complete more essays to reach the right level of proficiency and that they will be required to submit those essays when they are ready.

Summary Of Deaf By Mark Drolsbaugh Essay - 1674 Words

Response to Deaf Again Mark Drolsbaugh’s Deaf Again book gives a detailed account of his experience with becoming deaf in both a hearing and deaf world. It includes the awkwardness and un-comfortability he felt in hearing environments, within is personal family dynamic and in deaf safe havens where he learned to adjust, and grow for the betterment of him learning ASL and in general, becoming emerged within Deaf culture. Drolsbaugh starts the book off by introducing how life for deaf people, even when giving birth, can be a struggle (due to society not being well informed on how to effectively communicate and treat Deaf individuals). Drolsbaugh’s mother, Sherry, wasn’t properly given epidural while giving birth to him, and as she made noises to best express that something was wrong, the nurse brushed it off. Once Mark was born, and Sherry got up the needle wasn’t in her back but on the bed. Looking at how communication issues can lead to negative results, throughout the rest of t he book Drolsbaugh sheds light on this phenomenon, specifically focusing on the educational environment and the interactions between and among hearing and deaf communities. Drolsbaugh started to lose his hearing when he was in first grade, and from there, pressure from society and his family kept him in hearing schools until he graduated from high school. Even as his parents were deaf, initially his hearing grandparents’ on his mother’s side of the family, kind of took over how his deaf but performing

Movie Is Bianca ( Mae Whitman ) And Wes ( Robbie )

The main characters of this movie is Bianca (Mae Whitman) and Wes (Robbie Amell). Bianca is a senior year high school student with Jess (Skyler Samuels) and Casey (Bianca Santos) as her close friends who are more popular than her. She is the neighbor plus former childhood friend of Wesley Wes Rush, a star on the school s football team. She has a crush on guitarist Toby Tucker and attends a party of mean-girl Madison Morgan, hoping to get to know him. But in the party Wes unthinkingly reveals to her that she is the DUFF of her friend group, the Designated Ugly Fat Friend. The DUFF does not actually have to be ugly or fat but the person in a social group who is less popular and more accessible than the others in the group. People exploit The DUFF to get to the popular people. Bianca feels insulted, but realizes that Wes is right. As the students in her school are only interested in her in order to get to know Jess and Casey. Due to this she takes her anger out on Jess and Casey and un friends them on social media and in person. Bianca later overhears Wes and his science teacher, where his teacher tells Wes to pass the midterm or he is out of football team, which can cost him his football scholarship. Desperate to change herself, and go on a date with Toby, she makes a deal with Wes, that she will help him pass science if he ll help her in stop being a DUFF. They goes to a mall for makeover by buying new clothes. This

Team development at Fisher and Paykel

Question: Discuss about the Team development at Fisher and Paykel. Answer: Introduction Transforming a business has proved to be a difficult and tormenting task without introducing a problem. In most cases, the self-created issues revolve around underperformance of team. This issue can be avoided when the team that is established has a good leadership that can motivate the team members. Since teams have determined the success of many organizations, it requires the maximization of members potential. Many employers have emphasized the significance of working together and often seek services from people with the ability to embrace teamwork (Costa 2003, p. 617). Without a doubt, the business environment has become competitive and companies must maximize their resources if they have to sustain their operations. This brings into the fore, the aspect of teamwork that increases competiveness. The study conducted by Zakaria, Amelinckx and Wilemon (2004, p. 21) revealed that organizations use teamwork to improve quality, productivity, motivation, and utilize new technologies. Giv en the significance of teamwork, this article tries to discuss how teams without teamwork pose a problem for the people management. Teams without Teamwork Threatens people management Effective teamwork is beneficial to an organization that embraces broader collaboration, improved communication, and a greater sense of accountability. Managers must foster productive teamwork to make their work easy thus achieve organizational success. Van den Broek, Callaghan and Thompson (2004, p. 197) discuss how the organisation of call centre work into teams does not necessarily mean there will be teamwork. This situation threatens the people management culture and the manager must identify and fix it before it gets out of hands. In any labour process theory, the management must have a control over the workforce thus maximize their productivity. Unfortunately, the controls are never absolute, especially in the modern competitive business environment. Sometimes the managers have given the employees relatively high control in determining their engagement levels (Townsend 2007, p. 622). The employees work in different conditions but the aspects of teamwork seem to remain the same. In fact, in Australia, many organizations appear to be the subsidiary departments. The responsibility of managers remains obvious regarding control and decision-making. Townsend holds that teams have a positive impact on organizations (2007, p. 625). This is only possible in an environment where employees are empowered so that they can make strategic planning decisions in their teams (Mallon and Kearney 2001, p. 97). For teams to perform, they require some degree of independence and control. This involves delegating the powers to the team members based on the expanded competencies (Marks and Richards 2012, p. 232). Therefore, the team leader must focus on the attitudes and behaviours that can make the teams effective. Understanding the sociotechnical team structures seems simple and a common practice in the society. However, many companies have completely failed as they lose their focus during the establishment of teams. The findings of Ryan (2012, p. 266), shows that teams can emerge in various forms, times, or places. This means that the employees must be ready for different responsibilities depending on the circumstance. Yolk (2002, p. 5) argues that organizations can have teams without teamwork, especially when there is no issue for the teams to handle. In the case of the CallCentral highlighted by Townsend (2013, p. 114), every staff has call targets that he or she must meet. Unlike in other organization, the customer service representatives must determine their working pace because of the set targets. For instance, the representative has the pressure to monitor calls thus calling for the extra efforts. Yolk (2002, p. 4), the team leader would analyse the workload based in the historical orga nizational data. The teams in CallCentral can never determine their work volume and the timing of their performance. In most cases, these people have limited interactions with team members because of the nature of this task. The managerial approach and the work structure in the CallCentral are distinct and can only be compared to the lean production teams in the manufacturing industry (Townsend 2007, p. 626). The management approach used in this industry is determined by the information systems. Based on the findings of Van den Broek, Barnes and Townsend (2008, p. 257), there is a need for workers union to protect the interests, skills, and workload of call centre staff. However, the concern relating to workload can never be assessed and evaluated. The trade unions can only work on the wages, safety issues, and disciplinary disputes because the workload determination formula is unique. The teams in CallCentral lack control on various governance issues as the technology and management shape the decisions. The challenges the CellCentral workers experience is how to control their decisions (Mulholland 2002, p. 293). The aspects of bringing in the management and leaving everything to the technology to shape the issues are unfortunate. The situation is even complicated further because the physical space determines the team members. Most of these team members had distinct functional workstation s thus making the teams to work without teamwork as explained by Procter and Mueller (2000, p. 34). Hierarchy and bureaucracy affect the management of teams. For instance, the management controls the CallCentral staffs without considering the underlining issues. The manageable supervisory directions or coaching can improve the productivity and competitiveness of workers (Tarragona and Luca 2002, p. 24). In this case study, there is a low level of intra-team interactions because the functionality of every team depends on the allocated space. Since the management or supervisors use technology to monitor the productivity of the workers, the team members find it difficult to engage in objections or resistance. The coercive control, therefore, affects their daily activities (Marks and Richards 2012, p. 231). The panoptic surveillance is the tool the team managers use to monitor team members. This implies that any aspects of team autonomy are lacking thus affecting the performance of workers. They always work in fear because they know their manager is monitoring their work. The team structure and organization in CallCenter ensures there is a control and management of employees. This is achieved by establishing cultural or normative control over their actions as team leaders remain the agents of managers. Such working environment is intimidating thus scares many employees. By far and wide, the management has the responsibility to motivate and promote commitment even in a tedious environment (Callaghan and Thompson 2002, p. 233). Intimidating workers or staff into admitting the managers advances will make work difficult. The employees, for instance, can object any effort to use them as objects. As such, transforming the management inputs into actual outcome can be difficult and impossible. For example, workers can resort to mocking or use humour to undermine the pressures they felt from managerial authorities, customer pressures and technology (Townsend 2007, p. 630). Therefore, the company can only maximize the productivity of workers by empowering than controlling them. These issues render people management difficult. Key Issues in Maximizing the Benefits of Team and Teamwork Coercive elements promoted in a team could interfere with organizational performance. Although developing team structure is critical in maximize team productivity, introducing any element of coercion interferes with their performance (Yukl 7). For instance, the introduction of peer surveillance to monitor and control their actions is unfortunate. This traditional management method requires replacement. The CallCentral is an individualized environment that makes teamwork culture difficult to implement. For example, the team members rarely understand how they can influence the performance and work of their colleagues. Therefore, in an individualized environment, it is critical for an employee to maximize their productivity based on the ability. The management has created unconstructive competition by rewarding performance bonuses after reaching the performance indicators. Although offering incentives such performance bonuses is essential in motivating workers, it creates an individualized society where nobody likes teamwork (Van den Broek et al. 2004, p. 210). The team leaders must review their management styles to ensure they are in tandem with the circumstances at hand. It beat logic to find that the team leaders subjective measures are used to award the performance bonuses. This is a one-sided approach to performance appraisal because the inputs of workers should form the basis for assessment. Poor communication could be another issue in this situation (Thompson and McHugh 2002). In an environment where poor communication culture and system thrives, fostering teamwork is difficult. The managers should thus understand the significance of communication to avoid inhibiting team development and organizational success. Ego is an issue that can affect the performance of workers and teams. In the CallCentral, some members are obsessed with performance bonuses that can never support other team members. They value their general benefits thus making it difficult to establish an effective unit. Such team members with egos interfere with group dynamics as they disrupt the teammates work. Therefore, by working on the egos, the team members can check and work on the delegated duties. The aspects of unclear goals are evident in the CallCentral work. In most cases, employers or managers create achievable goals within the firm. In fact, these goals should be directed towards a certain project. The management should present these goals properly and clearly to make them achievable. Consequently, the staff members are just focusing on distorted job duties. Without proper management, involvement would make the performance of teams difficult. Managers should create teams based on the qualification and experience of staff members (Van den Broek et al. 2004, p. 210). However, when the management fails to join hands with the team members to executive the duties, such a leader threatens the teamwork atmosphere. Conclusion Based on the findings in this article, it is evident that teams define how projects, tasks, and activities are managed and organized in the modern society. Many global organizations have invested in different teams to achieve their competitive advantages. The incorporation of high-performing teams has made it possible for firms to make business strategies relevant to the market situation. However, a problem would emerge when there is no cohesiveness among the team members. Without cohesion, team performance would fall because of the unnecessary tension and stress among workers. It is thus prudent for the team leader to handle conflicts that can damage the team performance. Bibliography Callaghan, G and Thompson, P 2002, We recruit attitude: the selection and shaping of call centre labour, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 233-254. ISSN 0022-2380, available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00290 Costa, A C 2003, Work team trust and effectiveness, Personnel Review, vol. 32, iss 5, pp. 605-622. available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235260441_Work_Team_Trust_and_Effectiveness Mallon, M, and Kearney, T 2001, Team development at Fisher and Paykel: The introduction of 'Everyday Workplace Teams. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, vol. 39, issue 1, pp. 93-106. Doi: 10.1177/103841110103900107 Marks, A and Richards, J 2012, Developing ideas and concepts in teamwork research: Where do we go from here? Employee Relations, Special issue: Ideas and concepts in teamwork research, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 228234. available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425451211217743 Mulholland, K 2002, Gender, emotional labour and teamworking in a call centre, Personnel Review, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 283-303. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483480210422714 Procter, S and Mueller, F 2000, Teamworking. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. ISBN: 9780333760031 Ryan, S 2012, When is a team a team? Team working and the reorganisation of work in commercial cleaning. Employee relations, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 255-270. available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425451211217699 Tarricone, P and Luca, J 2002, Successful teamwork: a case study. PAGE, Miami, Florida. available at https://www.unice.fr/crookall-cours/teams/docs/team%20Successful%20teamwork.pdf Thompson, P and McHugh, D 2002, Work organizations. Palgrave, London. eISBN: 9781403907653. available at https://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10038997 Townsend, K 2007, Who Has Control in Teams Without Team-working? Economic and Industrial Democracy, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 622-649. available at Doi: 10.1177/0143831X07082214 Townsend, K 2013, When the lost found teams: a consideration of teams within the individualised call centre environment, Labour and Industry, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 111-126. available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2004.10669297 Van den Broek, D, Barnes, A and Townsend, K 2008, Teaming up: teams and team sharing in call centres, Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 257-269. available at Doi: 10.1177/0022185607087901 Van den Broek, D, Callaghan, G and Thompson, P 2004, Teams without Teamwork? Explaining the Call Centre Paradox, Economic and Industrial Democracy, vol. 25, issue 2, pp. 197 218. available at DOI: 10.1177/014383104042500 Yukl, G 2009, Leadership in organisations, 7th ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. ISBN: 0132424312, 9780132424318 Zakaria, N, Amelinckx, A and Wilemon, D 2004, Working together apart? Building a knowledge-sharing culture for global virtual teams, Creativity and innovation management, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 15-29. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8691.2004.00290.x

The Stanford Experience Essay Example

The Stanford Experience Essay Criminal justice is a system at which authorities use to   maintain social order, control crimes and punish those who violate laws. The prison guards and the prison itself play an intertwined role in creating punishment to those who have committed a behavior that is not morally accepted. And often, experiences insider a jail will create severe effects to those who have been imprisoned, and may also bring about changes in the behavior of the jail guard himself.The changes in the behavior and compliance of the jail guards and the prisoners and how the feeling of containment in a prison cell has drastically developed is discovered in the Stanford Prison Experiment wherein 18 college boys were taken to play the roles of nine guards and   nine prisoners. The changes happened fast that the experiment had to be cut at the sixth day rather than the original two-week experiment.In doing such a delicate experiment that involves the feelings of the subjects, it must be provided that the peo ple behind the experiment employs the scientific principles on experiment.On empiricism, the experiment has succeeded in terms of making the prisoners and the guards feel that they are indeed prisoners in real life. the situation created for both objects were too realistic that in such a short time, the prisoners and the guards developed the sense of being a real prison and a real guard who ought to do their jobs in maintaining order in the jail. They have also consumed the role play and later on developed the real anguish that real prisoners feel, and the jail guards on their part have felt their power incontrollable that they tend to abuse the authority they hold just like real prison guards do. On objectivity, the first part of selection was purely objective as the subjects were chosen to play the role of either a prisoner or a guard randomly through a toss coin. However, as the experiment progressed, the participants suffered the feeling of subjectivity towards their roles. This subjectivity being an offset of empathy towards the role they play.They have so consumed that they have absorbed the real persona of the role they play. Prisoners felt that they are really prisoners and the guards responded the way that a real jail guard would have responded during the activity. On skepticism, though the researchers were aware of the situation, they themselves were really surprised of the outcome of the project. A proof of this was the original two-week plan being cut short to barely a week because of the heightened emotions that surged through out the experiment. On ethical neutrality, as the subjects were chosen randomly, they were able to let them play the role without biases towards the role. As for the researchers side, during the whole experiment, they were feeling as if they were jail superintendents and officer rather than being a doctor studying the psychological effects of imprisonment.Thus I believe that the experiment has passed the standards for ethica l neutrality. On parsimony, I believe that the experiment has used the most resources they could at the least amount. They have used minimal resources that only served as improvised for the real situation they wanted to role-play but resulted a highly accurate turn outs with minimal complex relations. On determinism, every action done by either side was responded by another act from the other side. Meaning, the subjects developed a system of mechanisms intended to correspond to a situation that aroused within the experiment. On publication, as can be viewed in the website, it served as a reflective account of how the experiment turned out. The proper documentation of the experiment made it possible for people to view and assess the development and success or failure of the experiment. (Fitzgerald, pp 36-42)Given these aspects, I think that the experiment has complied well in the scientific principles of research. They were able to successfully extract real facts and real life anguis h of prisoners and jail guards. They were able to fully portray the situation of real life prison experiences in the least controlled way possible to them that adds to the credibility of the experiment. A proof of this is the way that outsiders (for the purpose of the experiment) reacted upon seeing the situation of the subjects inside the jail. They too, developed the feeling that indeed, their sons have become real prisoners.Moreover, on the basis of research methodology and ethical standards, every experiment must maintain ethical standards. The researcher must avoid giving moral judgments that may result to being bias.On anonymity and confidentiality, the experiment have used numbers instead of names for two purposes: one is to strip the prisoners their identity and start to succumb to the emotions of being a real prisoner, and the other is to keep their identity out from the public, that only the researchers know the real identity of their subjects. On risk and voluntary inform ed consent, the subjects of the trial went through a procedure of â€Å"audition† for the â€Å"role†. The researchers posted an ad to attract possible subjects for the experiment. And when these college people came, they went though a series of testing to ensure that they know what they were doing and they were prepared for the hazards that being a subject of the experiment entailed. On deception in research, I think that the experiment did not employ such, as the subjects of the experiment were given details of what the experiment is trying to prove. Before hand, the subjects were briefed of the set up that they had to go through for the sake of the experiment. On sharing the results and benefits of research, at the end of the experiment when they had to cut the process on the sixth day, the researchers held encounter sessions with the subjects to see how the experiment changed their feelings and how the situation affected them. (Fitzgerald, pp 48-53)Given these fact s, I think that the study has complied with the ethical standards, needed to perform a research that shall protect the subjects. Although the subjects particularly the prisoners suffered high level of anxiety, they were properly guided before the start of the experiment. They were paid for their participation and after the experiment they were given encounter sessions to permit the subjects to voice out their opinions regarding the experiment and to express the suppressed emotions they had during the experiment.Though the sample population used was remarkably small, the experiment was still able to create a picture of what happens in real life prisons. It served as a small-scale description of the real situation in prisons wherein prisoners suffer from extreme anxiety and unrest inside prisons, while jail guards on the other hand develop an extreme sense of authority which they abuse and in turn, alters their personality. The results are reflective of the situation in prisons like A ttica, wherein the demands of the prisoners is just to simply treat them as humans. The experiment has proven how prisons dehumanize prisoners, how institutions like this who are supposed to teach law violators how to have human feelings have devoid them of this basic principle.The experiment is now used as basis for the current situation in Iraq, and how political prisoners are being treated, and also on certain areas wherein prisoners are being humiliated and devoid of their rights.The experiment is based on an observational, cohort study, wherein randomly selected individuals are placed on a situation which is totally new to all of the subjects, and in the process are put under keen observation to assess how the subjects have changed according to the situation that they were put in. The factors being observed are about the changes that the groups may develop in the course of the experiment.As stated in the experiment, the individuals chosen to become as subjects of the experiment were chosen among many other who wanted to take the role after being subjected to several mental questionings. After they were chosen, two groups were made, nine per group to become prisoners and guards. No control variable or interference from the investigators was employed. Only the real experiences inside the set-up jail was being taken accounted for. The experiment however, yielded results that though were expected, it came in such a short time. In two days, barely even half of the experiment, the two groups: guards and prisoners, have developed as sense of reality towards their situation. The guards have acted as real guards, trying to suppress the prisoners and developed a sense of abuse with the authority given to them. On the other hand, the prisoners acted and felt as prisoners, they were stripped off their true identity and absorbed the anxiety and anguish of being left in containment, with pressure and time distorting factors being prevalent in the activity.The success o f the experiment in depicting real life situation in prisons can serve as a basis to assess abuse of power against prisoners and a how a system for reformation can be made to emancipate the conditions of prisoners and reprimand the authorities who abuse their powers inside prison grounds. The effect of the experiment was so abrupt that in a mere six days, ordinary college students were transformed into their not usual characteristics (Zimbardo). With this in mind, we could just imagine how real life prisoners have been suffering from real life guards who have fully absorbed their role as â€Å"agents of criminal justice.†Thus the challenge lies on how to change this system. A change in system that shall eliminate the notion of prisons as hell, and make it a place that is conducive for change and remorse.The experiment has gone through the process and has proven the basis of their thesis, that in real life, prisons do not act as a vehicle for change. This experiment serve as w ake up calls for those in authority to assess their system and formulate policies that shall eliminate abuse of authority and promote the welfare and right of prisoners.